Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 396
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 132
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 292
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 166
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 235
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 356
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 282
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 289
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 304
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 375
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$page_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Post::$podesavanja_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 9
Function: model
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: filter_var(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($options) of type array|int is deprecated
Filename: core/Input.php
Line Number: 572
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/models/Page_model.php
Line: 426
Function: ip_address
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 26
Function: visitors
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$page_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$podesavanja_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/application/controllers/Post.php
Line: 77
Function: view
File: /home/vinoped/domains/vinopedia.rs/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Aktuelno
Aktuelno / 03/19/2021 / 1891
Zabeležio je Vuk Stefanović Karadžić sledeće narodne stihove: "Opila se i nadrla strina, da od čega, ne bi ni žalio, već od poke (pola oke) vode jabukovače". Iako se ne pominje odakle je ta vesela strina, možemo s velikom sigurnošću pretpostaviti da je negde iz mačvanskog kraja ili zapadne Srbije. Nije se napila ni od vina, ni od rakije, a ni od piva koje je tokom 19. veka postajalo sve popularnije u Srbiji, već od jabukovače!
Jabukovača je osvežavajuće piće sa šest-sedam procenata alkohola, danas kod nas poznato kao sajder od jabuke. Istorijski, stari Rimljani su veštinu pravljenja sajdera proširili širom carstva, a trgovinskim putevima i izvan granica zahvaljujući germanskim i normanskim plemenima. Na našim prostorima se jabukovača najčešće pravi od samih jabuka ili čak od krušaka, a nije retko naići i na kombinaciju jabuka i krušaka.
Do početka dvadesetog veka u Srbiji se najviše pravila i konzumirala u mačvanskom i užičkom kraju. Interesantno je da u ostalim delovima Srbije nije postojala tradicija pravljenja jabukovače čak ni u oblastima koje su obilovale voćem (kao što je Šumadija). Jednostavno, jabukovača je našla svoje mesto u krajevima gde nije bilo moguće proizvoditi vino. Uostalom, njena uloga i jeste bila da nadomesti vino. A od vina je bila i jeftinija. Takođe, pretpostavka je da je za širenje jabukovače u ovom kraju zaslužno i prisustvo Austrijanaca koji su možda videvši da su mačvanski voćnjaci prepuni jabuka preneli lokalnom stanovništvu recepturu. U prilog tim austrijskim uticajima govori i to što se jedino u Mačvi imanje u polju, salaš naziva majur (od nemačke reči meierei).
Jednom prilikom je i Marko Leko, profesor hemije na Beogradskom univerzitetu i rektor Velike škole u svojoj laboratoriji uradio hemijsku analizu mačvanske jabukovače. Njegovi nalazi su pokazali da uprkos dobrom kvalitetu sirovine (jabuke), veliki problem je bilo čuvanje. Mačvani nisu pridavali puno pažnje higijeni i pravilnom čuvanju jabukovače (čak je i njegov uzorak u boci bio zatvoren kočanjkom kukuruza). Stoga je taj uzorak stigao u Beograd na analizu mutan, vrlo kiseo, ali su još mogle da se osete prijatne voćne arome.
Pored jabukovače, prisutna je bila i vodnjika koja se pravila od raznog šumskog voća. Voće od kog se moglo praviti u domaćoj radinosti ovo osvežavajuće piće bilo je divlja kruška (takiša), divlja jabuka, šipurak, kleka, šumske jagode, gloginje, drenjine, trnjine. Ovaj voćni napitak sa niskim nivoom alkohola imao je i naziv voćna turšija.
Turci su dolaskom na prostore Bosne i Srbije zatekli razvijeno vinogradarstvo. U šabačkoj nahiji sredinom 16. veka vinogradi su bili prisutni u 70 sela, kao i na području same šabačke kasabe. Vinogradi na području kasabe bili su svi u muslimanskim rukama. Porez na muslimanske vinograde je naplaćivan po "pet akči od dunuma", dok je od hrišćanskih vinograda naplaćivan "ušur od vina". U tome je bila znatna razlika između hrišćanskih i muslimanskih vinograda. To je bilo zbog toga što muslimani u principu nisu pravili vino od grožđa. U selima je bilo nešto muslimanskih vinograda, ali najveće površine nalazile su se u posedu hrišćanske raje.
Od spomenutih 70 sela u kojima je vinogradarstvo bilo zastupljeno, njih 11 su bila derbendžijska, tj. hrišćanska sela čiji su stanovnici obezbeđivali i čuvali puteve pa su zbog toga uživali određene povlastice. Stoga su oni porez plaćali paušalno, dok je za ostalih 59 nepovlašćenih sela moguće rekonstruisati koliko su godišnje plaćali porez na vino. Ukoliko se uporede prihodi od vina sa prihodima od drugih kultura, proizilazi da su prihodi od vina u šabačkom kraju iznosili više nego prihodi od prosa, odnosno da su prihodi od vina dolazili odmah ispod prihoda od pšenice.
Slika Mačve u 19. veku izgleda potpuno promenjeno u odnosu na 16. vek. Više se ne može pohvaliti sa vinogradima. U širem pojasu oko grada Šapca nije bilo vinograda. Jedino je tamošnji trgovac Ilija Rapić imao svoj vinograd. Čak ni u varoškim dvorištima nije bilo puno čardaklija tj. senica od vinove loze. Najbliži vinogradi su bili ohridski. Verovatno se već pitate kako je to moguće s obzirom da između Šapca i Ohrida leže brojne poznate vinske oblasti.
No, nije u pitanju gradić Ohrid na obali Ohridskog jezera u Severnoj Makedoniji, već raniji naziv današnjeg sela Orid u blizini Šapca. Inače, selo je nastalo tako što su se formirala domaćinstva pored beogradskog druma u blizini drumske mehane koju je osnovao jedan Ohriđanin iz Makedonije. Selo se pominje još 1533. godine kao timar (feud) vojvode Turalije, a u selu su zabeleženi i "popovi vinogradi" koji su donosili prihod od 130 akči. U Ohridu (Oridu) od grožđa iz lokalnih vinograda pravljeno je vino koje je potom nalazilo mušterije u seoskoj mehani. Na ohridske vinograde se nastavljaju posavsko-tamnavski vinogradi kojih ima nešto više, no ipak nedovoljno da vinom snabdeju čitavu Mačvu.
U selu Dublje je mlad vinograd imao i seoski sveštenik Jova Ilić, a i on je posadio vinovu lozu više iz radoznalosti, čisto da vidi da li može da uspeva u Mačvi. Najčuvenije lokalno vino je bilo krnulsko (iz sela Krnule), kojeg nema puno, a pritom je dosta skupo pa ga samo bogatije gazde mogu priuštiti. Nešto više vinograda je bilo u Pocerini.
Dakle, verovatno se pitate šta su onda pili bogatiji Šapčani ukoliko se užele vina. Rezultat nerazvijenog vinogradarstva u Mačvi je bila stalna oskudica vina, naročito onih kvalitetnih. Velike količine vina su se dovozile iz drugih krajeva. Zbog blizine, najviše iz Srema, sa Fruške gore. No, redovno snabdevanje povremeno je prekidano zbog visokog vodostaja Save, zbog carinskih procedura, zbog teškoća sa transportom...
Najskuplja vina su dolazila iz Negotinske Krajine, a na cenu je pored kvaliteta uticala i kilometraža koju su ova vina morala da pređu. Samo su bogate gazde mogle da priušte takozvanog "negotinca", odnosno bocu negotinskog vina. Povremeno stignu i vina iz drugih krajeva Srbije, na primer iz resavskog kraja, no njihov kvalitet je bio lošiji pa nisu mogla da postignu ni visoku cenu a ni dobru reputaciju.
Mačvanski kraj je bio srazmerno bogat, pa je lokalno stanovništvo naučilo da lepo i jede i pije. Zato je ogromna količina novca odlazila na uvoz sremskih vina. Seljaci i siromašnije stanovništvo nisu trošili novac na skuplja vina, već su rado konzumirali jabukovaču i rakiju. U vreme kada su vinogradi propadali zbog filoksere pa je vino postajalo sve skuplje, postojala je izreka da "rakija suviše zagreva radnika, pivo ga uspavljuje, oboje zaglupljuju, a jabukovača krepi".
Danas je na domaćem tržištu ponovo zastupljena jabukovača. S obzirom na to da se vratila među Srbe zahvaljujući proizvođačima iz inostranstva, došla nam je pod nazivom sajder. Zato mlađe generacije i ne znaju da se nekada jabukovača konzumirala i na prostoru Srbije. Na krilima nove reputacije, čak su i domaći proizvođači vina i alkoholnih pića ponovo pokrenuli proizvodnju sajdera iz Srbije. No, potrebno je sačuvati i sećanje na prve sajdere iz Srbije koji su se nekada pili u zapadnoj Srbiji od Užica do Šapca.
Tomislav Ivanović
Nagrađivani vinski novinar, kritičar i saradnik odabranih vinskih magazina. Autor i urednik vebsajta www.vinopedia.rs. Nosilac WSET3 sertifikata. Član Udruženja somelijera Vojvodine. Sudija na nacionalnim i internacionalnim vinskim takmičenjima. Vodi radionice i predavanja na temu vina Srbije i Balkana. Lokalni partner organizacije Wine Mosaic. Suosnivač Međunarodnog dana prokupca.
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